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Langston Hughes EssayOf the major black redeemrs who commencement exercise made their appearance during the exciting period of the 1920s commonly referred to as the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was the most fat and the most successful. As the Harlem Renaissance gave way to the Depression, Hughes determined to sustain his career as a poet by bringing his poetry to the people. At the suggestion of bloody shame McLeod Bethune, he launched his career as a public speaker by embarking on an extensive lecture tour of the South. As he wrote in his autobiography Propelled by the backwash of the Harlem Renaissance of the early twenties, I had been drifting along pleasantly on the delightful rewards of my poems which seemed to please the fancy of kindhearted new-fangled York ladies with money to help young writers. . . . There was one former(a) dilemmahow to make a living from the kind of writing I wanted to do. . . . I wanted to write seriously and as well as I knew how about t he Negro people, and make that kind of writing earn me a livin (Hughes, 196431).Alain Locke, the leading exponent of The sensitive Negro, announced that the black masses had found their voice A true peoples poet has their b all(prenominal)adry in his veins and to me many of these poems seem based on rhythms as seasoned as folksongs and on moods as deep-seated as folk-ballads. Dunbar is supposed to have expressed the peasant heart of the people. But Dunbar was the showman of the Negro masses here is their spokesman (Killens ed.196041). though unt overaged of the poetry Hughes was to write in the thirties and afterward was to differ markedly in terms of social content from the poetry he was producing in the twenties, a careful examination of his early work will reveal, in germinal form, the basic themes which were to preoccupy him throughout his career. Hughess evolution as a poet cannot be seen a subroutine from the circumstances of his life which thrust him into the role of poet.I ndeed, it was Hughess awareness of what he personally regarded as a rather unique childhood which determined him in his drive to express, through poetry, the feelings of the black masses and their questions of identity. In The Weary Blues, Hughes presented the problem of dual consciousness quite cleverly by placing two parenthetical statements of identity as the opening and closing poems, and titling them Proem and Epilogue. Their opening lines suggest the polarities of consciousness between which the poet located his own persona I Am a Negro and I, Too, Sing America. Within each of these poems, Hughes suggests the interrelatedness of the two identities the line I am a Negro is echoed as I am the darker brother in the closing poem. Between the American and the Negro, a third identity is suggested that of the poet or singer. It is this latter persona which Hughes had assumed for himself in his attempt to announcement the dilemma of divided consciousness. Thus, within the confines of these two poems revolving around identity, Hughes is presenting his poetry as a kind of salvation.If one looks more closely at Hughess organization of poems in the book, one finds that his true opening and closing poems are concerned not with identity but with patterns of cyclical time. The Weary Blues (the first poem) is about a black piano man who plays deep into the night until at last he falls into sleep like a thrill or a man thats dead. The last poem, on the other hand, suggests a rebirth, an awakening, after the long night of weary blues We have tomorrow/ blinding before us/Like a flame (Hughes 1926109).Hughes viewed the poets role as one of responsibility the poet must strive to maintain his objectivity and dainty distance, while at the same time speaking with passion through the medium he has selected for himself. In a speech given before the American Society of African Culture in 1960, Hughes urged his fellow black writers to cultivate objectivity in dealing with b lackness Advice to Negro writers Step outside yourself, and so look back and you will see how human, yet how beautiful and black you are.How very black even when youre integrated (Killens ed. 196044). In another part of the speech, Hughes stressed art over race In the great sense of the word, anytime, any place, better art transcends land, race, or nationality, and color drops away. If you are a good writer, in the end neither blackness nor whiteness makes a difference to readers (Killens ed. 196047).This philosophy of artistic distance was integral to Hughess argument in the much earlier essay The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain, which became a rallying call to young black writers of the twenties concerned with reconciling artistic emancipation with racial expression It is the duty of the younger Negro artist if he accepts any duties at all from outsiders, to change through the force of his art that old whispering I want to be white hidden in the aspirations of his people , to Why should I want to be white? I am a Negro and beautiful In this greatly thought-out manifesto, Hughes attempted to integrate the two facets of double consciousness (the American and the Negro) into a single vision-that of the poet. His poetry had reflected this idea from the beginning, when he published The Negro Speaks of Rivers at the age of nineteen. Arna Bontemps, in a retrospective glance at the Harlem Renaissance from the distance of almost fifty years, was referring to The Negro Speaks of Rivers when he commented And almost the first utterance of the revival struck a note that disturbed poetic tradition. (Addison ed. 198883). In Hughess poetry, the central element of importance is the witness of blackness. Everything that distinguished Hughess poetry from the white poets of the twenties revolved around this important affirmation. Musical idioms, jazz rhythms, Hughess special brand of black-white irony, and dialect were all dependent on the priority of black selfhood I am a Negro/Black as the night is black/Black like the depths of my Africa (Hughes 1926108). Hughes wrote in his autobiography My best poems were all written when I felt the worst.When I was happy, I didnt write anything (Hughes 199154). When he first began writing poetry, he felt his lyrics were as well personal to reveal to others Poems came to me now spontaneously, from somewhere inside. . . . I put the poems down quickly on anything I had a hand when they came into my head, and later I copied them into a notebook. But I began to be afraid to show my poems to anybody, because they had become very serious and very much a part of me. And I was afraid other people might not like them or understand them (Hughes 34).These two statements regarding his poetry suggest deep underlying emotional tensions as being the inception of his creativity. And yet the personal element in Hughess poetry is almost entirely submerged beneath the persona of the Negro Poet Laureate. If, as Hughes sugge sted, personal gloominess was the cornerstone of his best work, it then follows that, in order to maintain the singleness of purpose and devotion to his art, he would be required to sacrifice some class of emotional stability.The persona of the poet was the role Hughes adopted in his very first published poem, as the Negro in The Negro Speaks of Rivers. It was a persona to which he would remain faithful throughout his lengthy career. The link between his personal experiences and his poetry has been always evident.References Addison Gayle, Jr. , ed. (1988). Negro Poets, Then and Now, in Black formulation Essays by and About Black Americans in the Creative Arts, New York Weybright TalleyLangston Hughes (1964). I Wonder As I Wander, New York Hill Wang Langston Hughes (1926). The Weary Blues, New York Alfred A. Knopf Publishing, reprinted, 1982 Langston Hughes (1991). The braggart(a) Sea An Autobiography. 1940. New York Hill Wang Killens, John O. ,ed. (1960). Writers Black and W hite, The American Negro Writer and His Roots Selected Papers from the First Conference of Negro Writers, March. New York American Society of African Culture